𝗦𝗮𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘆𝗻𝘁𝗮 W𝗮𝘅 S𝗼𝗼𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗮 A𝗮𝗱𝗮𝗺𝘂𝗵𝘂 k𝘂𝗲𝗲𝘆𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘆 𝗗𝗲𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗮

Waxsoosaarku waa da'daalka amaba shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee aadamuhu qabto waayo waxaa ku xidhan nolasha iyo wixii lagu noolaan lahaa. Taariikh ahaan aadamuhu wuxuu soo maray heerar kala duwan marka laga eegayo dhinac wax soosaarka; xiligii qadhaabsiga iyo ugaadhsiga, xiligii degida iyo deegaamaynta iyo wakhtigii waxsoosaarka haba ku koobnaado quudashada oo kaliye.

Wixii ka dambeeyey dhalashadii warshadaha, waxay aduunyadu u guurtay waxsoosaarka heer ganacsi noqday (extensive commercial agriculture) si looga karo quudashada oo kaliya loona, iyadoo sidoo kale lagu ladhayey in in ka badan 7 bilyan oo qof adagtahay in la quudiyo hadaan horumarkaa la sameyn. Si hadaba loo rumeeyo amaba loo gaadho yoolka ganacsiga waxaa lasameeyey tab kasta oo waxsoosaarku ku noqon karo mid kaafiya baahida wadamada xaaladahoodu kala duwanyahay iyo dadyowgooda. Markaa waxaa bilaabmay isticmaalka kiimiko, baabiinta dhul kaymeed malaayiin hectar ah iyadoo ay horseeday inuu wax badan iska bedelay qaab dhismeedkii iyo cimileedkii dhulka (natural landscape and micro/macro-climate). Iyadoo la tix raacayo waxna laga baadhayo taasi, ayaa waxaa la xaqiijiyey in waxsoosaarku uu saameyn ku leeyahay deegaanka sidoo kalena door weyn ka qaato doorsoonka cimilada iyadoo lagu soo koobay qodobadan soo socda:

1. In 𝟮𝟲% Neefaha cagaaran (GHGs) ay soo saaraan ficilaadka waxsoosaarka. Iyadoo marka tiradan boqolay loo qaado ay 74% ay soosaaraan waxyabaha aan cuntada ahayn sida qiiqaha mishiinada iyo daawooyinka iyadoo lagu qiyaasay xadiga Kaarboon labo ogsaydhka (CO2) inuu yahay 38.7 bilyan tones sanadkasta. Halka 26% ay soosaaraan hadhaaga cuntada xumaatay (waste food) taasi oo lagu qiyaasay 13.7 bilyan tones oo Kaarboon labo ogsaydh ah. Waa la garan karaa siday door weyn u yeelanayso doorsoonka cimilada

2. In 𝟱𝟬% dhulkii aduunyada ku haboona kaymo, meelaha biyo fadhiisadka ah iyo hoyga noolaha kala duwan uu isku bedelay dhul beerasho (agriculture) iyadoo xadiga dhulkan lagu qiyaasay 51 milyan Kilometer iskuweer. Sidoo kale waxsoosaarka ayey weheliyaan magaalaynta. Tani ayaa sameyn weyn ku yeelanaysa deegaanka duleed (physical) iyo kan cimileedba (climatical).

3. Isticmaalka xad dhaafka ah ee biyaha la cabi karo ama nadiifta (fresh and clean water) oo in ka badan 𝟳𝟬% lagu isticmaalo waxsoosaarka halka 19% iyo 11% loo isticmaalo warshadaha iyo nolasha caadiga ah (household) si is xigta. Isticmaalka xad dhaafka ah ee biyaha nadiifta aha ayaa sababi karta hoos u dhaca kaydka biyaha nadiifta ah (fresh water depletion) tani oo iyaduna dedejinaysa doorsoonka cimilada iyo baaba deegaanka.

4. Isticmaalka waxyaabaha lagu nafaqeeyo beeraha (Eutrophication) oo sababaya dikhaynta biyo fadhiisanka dabiiciga. In ka 𝟳𝟴% dikhaynta biyaha waxay ka yimaadaan ficilaadka waxsoosaarka halka 22% kale ka imanayaa ficilada kale oo laysku geeyey. Waxaa is weydiin mudan sideebay u dikhaynayaa biyaha? Markasta oo nafaqadu ku badato biyaha waxaa badanaya cayayaanka biyaha ku dhex nool kaasi oo sababaya inuu wado isticmaalo Ogsajiintii ka dibna biyaha uu kusoo daayo kaarboon, taasina waxay bedelaysaa badqabkii biyaha waxaana ka dhalanaaya wax badan oo aan lamahadin.

5. 𝟵𝟰% wuxuu waxsoosaarku sababayaa isbedelka iyo baaba' ku dhaca kala duwaanshaha nolaaha kuwada nool gayiga (Biodiversity) tani oo badi ay keenayso/sababayso in waxsoosaarka dhinaca xoolaha gaar ahaana Lo'da iyo wixii la halmaala ay sababaan xaalufka iyo ka qayb noqoshada doorsoonka cimilada.

Gebo-gabadii muxuu noqon karaa xalka iyo tala soo jeedintuba? Xalku waa mid labo dhinac ka imanaya kuwaasi oo kala;

1. Derdergalinta siyaasadaha ku wajahan waxsoosaarka ee heer wadan iyo heer caalamba.

2. Hirgalinta aqoonta isku dhafan ee is waafajinaysa deegaanka iyo waxsoosaarka (agro-environmental model).

Iyadoo midkastaaba u baahantahay faahfaahin iyo waadixin.

Self-entertainment or Social Collapse!

CHEWING QAT AMONG EDUCATED FEMALE

 (Self-entertainment or social collapse)

Mohamed¹ , Ahmed², Abdi Aziz³, Dr Yousuf⁴

Abstract

Khat is known in Somalia language as "qaad" or "jaad", is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. The purpose of the study was to show the hidden secret between the chewing khat and young educated females especially University female students. Study answered the question why such educated female population chew qat or what consequences that would have on their lives, families and society as whole. The study summarized the following as major reasons that educated female initiate Chewing Qat:really who supported them start chewing-Qat: Family problems, Peer influence, Relation with men chewing Qat, Stress and depression associated with employment after graduation, For some, poverty and need for financial support to survive etc. The study revealed that Qat has demolishing impact, in many ways, on women, families, children, and on the entire society. Based on evidence found in this research.

MOTHER IN TWO SHIFTS: social collapse

Over the past thirty years, there has been a massive influx woman into workforce in every region in the world. Greater numbers of women are involved in public services and more than that are struggling for their family. Yet, despite progress in every corner of life, women continue to face numbers of obstacles.

ila wadag

waxaad haysaba soo daa

igu saabsan

Am Mohamed A. Indha Yare, born and grew up in Hargeisa Somaliland. I have Bachelor Degree of Environmental Science and Master Degree of Research Data Analysis and Statistical Method.

Am Environmental and Social Researcher, and Positive Youth and Community Development advocator towards sustainable development.

Am Founder of Knowledge Action Center for develop, transform, transfer and utilize what we know or can do “Professional & Applied knowledge - Technical & Skill capacities - Information & Research evidence” for driving effective and sustainable development solutions “Actions”.

Am also founder of Somali Academy which its main focus is to contribute improving quality and relevant education through online system.

Tell: +252634471540/+252654471540

Email: labaale201@gmail.com/ardaagaindhoyare@gmail.com

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xaqiiiq iyo xaqiiq

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waayo aragnimo